शेतीला उद्योगाचा दर्जा, बाजारभाव मिळावा- डॉ. आंबेडकर, १९१८ : प्रा.हरी नरके

डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर यांच्या चिंतनामध्ये शंभर वर्षांपुर्वी जे जे विषय होते त्यातला अग्रक्रमाचा विषय शेती, शेतीसमस्या आणि शेतकर्‍यांचे प्रश्न हा होता. याबाबत चळवळीत, अभ्यासकांमध्ये आणि सामान्य जनतेमध्ये घोर अज्ञान आहे. त्याबाबत का बोलले/लिहिले जात नाही हे मला कायमच पडलेले कोडे आहे.
"Small Holdings in India and their remedies [ समॉल होल्डींग्ज इन इंडीया ॲण्ड देअर रेमेडिज"] हा बाबासाहेबांचा ग्रंथ शेती आणि शेतकरी यांच्या समस्या व त्यावरील उपाययोजना यावर आहे. तो त्यांनी १०० वर्षांपुर्वी १९१८ ला लिहिला.  हा ग्रंथ "बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर : लेखन आणि भाषणे" मालिकेच्या पहिला खंडात प्रकाशित केलेला आहे.

या ग्रंथातील महत्वाचे मुद्दे-

१. शेती हा सर्वात प्राचीन उद्योग आहे. भारतात ८५ टक्के लोक शेतीवर उपजिविका करतात.

शेतकर्‍यांनी कुटुंबनियोजन करावे, त्यांना जास्त मुलं असल्यानं व ती सर्वच शेतीवर अवलंबून असल्यानं शेतीचे सतत तुकडे पडतात. ती नफ्यात राहात नाही.

२. शेतीवरील अतिरिक्त बोजा कमी करण्यासाठी शेतकर्‍याने एकाच मुलीला/मुलाला शेतात ठेवावे, बाकीच्यांना उद्योग, व्यापारात घालावे,

३. शेतीचे तुकडे जोडून जमिनीचे एकत्रिकरण करावे, शेताच्या त्या एकत्रित तुकड्याला आर्थिक युनिट मानावे.

४. शेतीला उद्योगाचा दर्जा द्यावा, त्यामुळे सरकारी मदत शेतकर्‍याला मिळेल.

५. शेतीमालाला उत्पादन खर्चावर आधारित योग्य बाजारभाव मिळावा,

६. शेतीला सिंचनसुविधा पुरवाव्यात,

७. फक्त शेतीवर सर्वस्वी अवलंबून राहणे हे आत्मघातकी ठरेल.

८. वरील उपाययोजना तातडीने केल्या नाहीत तर शेती व शेतकरी संकटात सापडेल.

याचा अर्थ बाबासाहेबांनी १०० वर्षांपुर्वी शेतकरी आत्महत्त्यांचा इशारा  दिलेला होता.

प्रा. हरी नरके, १/११/२०१९

Income inequality in India: Top 10% upper caste households own 60% wealth -

Income inequality in India: Top 10% upper caste households own 60% wealth - business standard

Although India’s upper caste households earned nearly 47% more than the national average annual household income, the top 10% within these castes owned 60% of the wealth within the group in 2012, as per a recent paper by the World Inequality Database.

Further, the wealthiest 1% among them grew their wealth by nearly 16 percentage points to 29.4% over the decade to 2012, the paper, entitled ‘Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India, 1961-2012’ and published in November 2018, said.

The vast inequality of income and wealth between and within castes highlighted in the paper are significant in the light of the Bharatiya Janata Party government’s new bill to entitle poorer sections among the forward castes to a 10% quota in government jobs and higher education institutions, which has been challenged in court.

Not only is the wealth and income gap large, it is growing--across all castes, in the 36 years till 2016, the share of wealth held by the top 10% has increased 24 percentage points to 55%, as IndiaSpend reported on January 2, 2019.

Inequality between castes

Marginalised caste groups such as the scheduled castes (SCs), scheduled tribes (STs) and other backward castes (OBCs) earn much less than the national household income average of Rs 113,222, according to the paper. SC and ST households earn 21% and 34%, respectively, less than the national average. OBC households fare better but still earn 8% or Rs 9,123 less than the annual Indian average.

Among upper caste groups, Brahmins earn 48% above the national average and non-Brahmin forward castes, 45%, said the paper, ‘Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India, 1961-2012’.

On January 9, 2019, the Indian parliament approved the Constitution (124th Amendment) Bill to provide 10% reservation in government jobs and higher education institutions for economically weaker sections of the general category of citizens. These are families that do not belong to SC, ST or OBC categories, and earn less than Rs 800,000 annually, own less than 5 hectares of agricultural land and own residential properties smaller than 1,000 sq.ft.

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
Based on the World Inequality Database, the paper combined data from wealth surveys, the National Sample Survey-All India Debt and Investment Survey (NSS-AIDIS), and millionaire lists. It used the censuses, the NSS-AIDIS and the Indian Human Development survey to explore the evolving relationship between class and caste in India.

“Economic ranking follows caste hierarchy, making caste a valid stratification in the society,” the paper noted. “It is important to keep in mind that the standard deviation is also very high in FC groups, i.e. not all are well off in that group. The clustering of social groups in (sic) not perfect.”

Within castes, the highest differences are among forward castes--and growing--and the least wealth differences are to be found among SCs.

“Caste and class are largely co-terminus with few exceptions and life-chances in India continue to be based on one's caste position,” A.R. Vasavi, a social anthropologist and independent researcher, told IndiaSpend. “From allocation of resources, to opportunities, to social capital the distribution pattern matches the skewed social structure; those higher in the ranking gain or get better allocations at the cost of denying the majority.”

India is one of the most unequal countries in the world with the top 10% controlling 55% of the total wealth, up from 31% in 1980, according to the 2018 World Inequality report, as IndiaSpend reported on January 2, 2019.

The National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4) showed that 45.9% of ST population were in the lowest wealth bracket compared to 26.6% of SC population, 18.3% of OBCs, 9.7% of other castes and 25.3% of those whose caste is unknown, IndiaSpend reported on February 28, 2018.

Muslims have lower income than average, non-Hindu, non-Muslim groups have highest

Muslims, while faring better than the SC, ST and OBC population, reported an annual household income 7% less than the national average.

Others (non-Hindu, non-Muslim groups and those who do not fall under the SC, ST and OBC categories) were found to be the richest group, though they make for only 1.5% of the country’s population, the paper said. They earned an annual income of Rs 242,708, twice the annual household income average in India.

PM #NarendraModi announced a cabinet decision today to amend the Constitution & provide 10% reservation for ‘economically backward’ upper castes in direct recruitment in govt services & admissions for higher #education. Follow thread for insights: #Reservation

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
Eligibility will be based on: 1) income < Rs 800,000/yr (less than Rs 66,000/month), equivalent to the salary of an entry-level bureaucrat (IAS officer) or senior software engineer/ developer/ or programmer. #Reservation

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
2) Agri land < 5 acre which includes small, marginal, medium & semi-medium holdings that collectively account for 89% of agricultural holdings. Large holdings that account for 10% of agri-land & which declined almost 11% between 2001-2010 not covered. #Reservation

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
3) House < 1,000 sq ft or residential plot <100 yards (less than 900 sq ft) in municipal areas. This is larger than avg size of flats in new building projects across #Mumbai (<900 sq. ft.) & Pune (<1000 sq. ft) launched in 2016. https://t.co/ABdfr4qSF6 #Reservation

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
4) Or a residential plot < 209 yards (less than 1,800 sq ft) in non-notified (non-residential) areas. https://t.co/GkDH3IQMpg #Reservation

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
The new 10% #reservation will be over and above the existing reservations & will not affect the quota for scheduled castes/scheduled tribes/other backward castes, according to news reports.

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
The proposed bill, to be introduced tomorrow, will amend Articles 15 & 16 of the Constitution as the 10% reservation exceeds the #SupremeCourt limit of 50% on quotas. #Reservation

— IndiaSpend (@IndiaSpend) January 7, 2019
Critics have already pointed out that the move announced towards the end of the winter session of Parliament means it would not be cleared soon. https://t.co/yp1v4o7CFw https://t.co/6Pg8MKrH6V https://t.co/3nVGX11iIW#Reservation

Among OBCs and STs too, top 10% had cornered most wealth. Top 10% of both groups held around 52% of wealth in 2012 and top 10% of SCs' share increased three percentage points to 46.7% till 2012

Shreehari Paliath | IndiaSpend 
Last Updated at January 14, 2019 08:50 IST

https://www.business-standard.com/…/income-inequality-in-in…

Budget 2018-19 from point of view of scs and sts

Budget 2018-19 from point of view of Scheduled Castes [scs] and Scheduled Tribes [sts]
Highlights......
History of neglect and casualness in respect of SCs and STs over the last many years  across different Governments continues in the Budget 2018-19.
The goal of liberating the SCs and STs from their basic vulnerabilities has not been kept in view in this Budget as in the previous Budgets of different Governments.
The goal of Equality, which is the Constitutional right of SCs and STs, i.e., enabling SCs and STs to reach the level of Equality, i.e., Equality with Socially Advanced Castes (SACs), i.e, non-SC, non-ST, non-SEdBC castes (NSCTBCs) in all parameters of development, welfare and life, has been neglected in this Budget as in the past Budgets across different Governments; though it is the Constitutionally-mandated duty of the State to promote Equality as above.
Schemes of importance for the liberation of SCs and STs from their vulnerabilities such as a massive national programme of distribution of Government and Bhoodan lands to every rural SC family and, along with them, to ST and other rural landless agricultural labour families, through a centrally-funded Task Force for every Tehsil/Taluq/Mandal of the country with Group Minor Irrigation for all lands of the SCs and STs, have not found place in this Budget also, despite its centrality for SCs and STs and despite its manifold and far-reaching cascading beneficial effects for the country’s economy and society which I have repeatedly pointed out to successive Governments including the present Government, and despite the President of India’s solemn commitment to the nation in his Address to the joint session of the Parliament in 2004.
The provision of Ekalavya school in every Block where tribals constitute majority population and which have not less than 20,000 tribal residents is welcome for the educational advancement of STs – the outlay for this is not found in the Budget and needs to be provided.  But the provision of a scheme of residential schools, one for SC boys and one for SC girls, in each Block of the country, as recommended by the Group of Ministers on Dalit Affairs under the Chairmanship of Shri Pranab Mukherjee in 2008, has been again ignored.
Other schemes for educational equalization of SCs and STs ignored.
Arrears of Post-Matric Scholarships to the tune of Rs. 11000 Crores, as I have pointed out to the Finance Minister vide my e-letter to him dated 9.9.2016 and in my pre-Budget letter to the Finance Minister dated 31.12.2017, has not been provided for either in the RE 2017-18 or in the BE 2018-19.
Such accumulation of arrears is contrary to the basic feature of this scheme, that is “open-ended”, which means whatever amounts are required for any number of SC and ST Post-Matric students shall be released in time and formalized in the subsequent RE.  Breach of this condition and accumulation of arrears has resulted in a large number of SC and ST students being forced out of the institutions for non-payment of fees.
Measures for prevention of loss of tribal lands and restoration to STs of lands previously lost continue to be missing.
Gross deficit continues in the provision of adequate allocations, not less than the population-proportion of SCs and STs, for SCP and TsP, essential for securing the objectives mentioned above and schemes such as those mentioned above.
Correct methodology of provision of SCP/allocations for SCs and TsP/allocations for STs continues to be evaded, viz., setting apart the share of SCs and STs as an untied corpus and undertaking within this corpus such schemes which will enable the SCs, STs to reach the level of Equality as explained above and be liberated from their basic vulnerabilities.
Out of the total Budgetary outlay for 2018-19, the outlay for Central Sector Schemes and Centrally Sponsored Schemes is Rs 1014450.79 Crores.  Out of this,
the outlay for SCP/allocations for welfare of SCs at not less than 16.6% ought to be not leas than Rs 168398.83 crores, but only Rs 56618.50  crores (5.58% instead of 16.6%) has been provided; and
the outlay for TsP/allocations for welfare of STs at not less than 8.6% ought to be not less than Rs 87247.77 crores, but only Rs 39134.73 crores (3.86% instead of 8.6%) has been provided.
Compared to the requirements at 16.6% and 8.6% respectively, there is shortfall of Rs 111780.33 Crores in the outlay for SCP/allocations for welfare of SCs and of Rs 48108.04 Crores in the outlay for TsP/allocations for welfare of STs, as can be seen in the following Table:-
Shortfall in SCP/Allocation for SCs and TsP/Allocation for STs in Central Sector Schemes + Centrally Sponsored Schemes in Budget 2018-19
 Total outlay for Central Sector Schemes + Centrally Sponsored Schemes (Rs Crores) Allocations ought to have been made at not less than 16.6% for SCP and not less than 8.6% for TsP     (Rs Crores) Allocations made
(Rs Crores)
 Shortfall
(Rs crores) 
1014450.79  SCP Not less than 168398.83 (16.6%) 56618.50
(only 5.58%) 111780.33 
 TSP Not less than 87242.77   (8.6%) 39134.73
(only 3.86%)  48108.04
Even these provisions for SCP/TsP do not follow the correct methodology of including in SCP/TsP only outlays for schemes/programmes which exclusively benefit SC and ST individuals, families, households, habitations and institutions etc. and which will enable them to reach Equality as explained above and be liberated from their basic vulnerabilities, and instead is a result of arithmetical-statistical jugglery as in the past.
Print and electronic media, with their focus on matters like personal income tax and return of long-term capital gains, have ignored these vital aspects of the Budget pertaining to the SCs and STs; such stray and casual remarks as some of them have made are superficial and misleading.
My detailed Paper elaborating these points and also continuing neglect of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes will follow shortly.
 [My comments are only about the aspects of the Budget as they directly concern SCs and STs and do not deal with other aspects of the Budget]
03. 02. 2018
P. S. Krishnan
P. S. Krishnan, IAS (Retd)
Former Secretary to Govt. of India
Ministry of Welfare;
Member, National Monitoring Committee for
Education of SCs, STs and Persons with Disabilities,
Government of India.
Formerly,
Member, National Commission for SCs and STs
Special Commissioner for SCs and STs
Member-Secretary, National Commission for Backward Classes
Member, Expert Committee on Backward Classes
Chairman, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Research Cell
Member, Working Group for Sanitation and Leather Workers
Advisor, Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India
Advisor (BC Welfare) with Cabinet Minister Status to
Government of Andhra Pradesh
Advisor (BC Welfare) with Cabinet Minister Status to Government of Telangana
Chairman, Sub-Group on “Perspective Planning for Development of SCs” of the Planning Commission’s Working Group on SCs in the XII Plan;
Member, Planning Comm’s Working Group on Empowerment of Scheduled Castes in XII Plan;
Member, Planning Comm’s Steering Committee on Empowerment of SCs, BCs,
Nomadic & Semi-Nomadic Tribes and VJs in XII Plan.
................................

उदार मोदींची मेहरबानी, ओबीसीला दिले 5 पैसे ---

ओबीसी पं. प्र. न. मो. यांची ओबीसीवर खास मेहरनजर..

उदार मोदींची मेहरबानी, ओबीसीला दिले 5 पैसे ---

देशाचे पं.प्र. सर्वांचेच असतात. तरिही ते स्वत:च निवडणुक सभांमध्ये जाहीरपणे सांगतात ते ओबीसी आहेत.ओबीसी जाती म्हणजे बलुतेदार आणि अलुतेदार. सगळे कष्टकरी. घाम गाळणारे. हातात कौशल्यांची जादू असलेले.

देशाच्या 21 लाख 46 हजार 735 कोटी रूपयांच्या अर्थसंकल्पात न.मो. यांनी ओबीसीवर खास मेहरनजर केल्याचे आढळून आले आहे...
त्यांनी देशातील 68 कोटी 12 लक्ष लोकसंख्येच्या ओबीसींसाठी अत्यंत भरिव तरतूद केलेली आहे. उदार मोदींची मेहरबानी, ओबीसीला दिले 5 पैसे ---

त्यांच्या सरकारने काल रूपये 1193 कोटी ओबीसींच्या शिक्षण, आरोग्य, रोजगार, निवारा आदींसाठी दिलेत.
त्यामुळे देशातले ओबीसी मालामाल होणार आहेत.

कारण ही तरतूद म्हणजे वर्षाला दरडोई 17 रूपये 54 पैसे मिळणार.
म्हणजे महिन्याला प्रत्येकाला 1 रुपया 46 पैसे दिलेत.
तर दरडोई दररोज वाट्याला येतील 5 पैसे. आहे ना ओबीसीची मज्जा!

हे सरकार अल्पसंख्याकांच्या विरोधात असल्याची टिका विरोधक करतात. तरीही न. मो. यांनी ओबीसींच्या 1/3 लोकसंख्येला त्यांना दिलेत 4 हजार 195 कोटी रूपये.

त्यांची लोकसंख्या 1/3 आणि रक्कम तिप्पट म्हणजे एकुण रक्कम होते 9 पट. अर्थात ही रक्कमही त्यांच्या सर्वांगीण विकासासाठी कमीच आहे.

पण नमोंनी विरोधी समाज घटकाला 9 पट जास्त द्यावेत आणि ओबीसीला मात्र त्याच्या 9 पट कमी मिळावेत यावरून ओबीसी मोदींची ओबीसींवरील मेहरनजर ठळकपणे दिसून येते.

....ओबीसीका साथ! ओबीसीका विकास..

शेड्यूल्ड कास्ट और शेड्यूल्ड ट्राइब्स के साथ धोख़ाधड़ी

अलग अलग खातों के प्रावधान को जोड़कर आंकडों के गुब्बारे फुलाने का खेल सरकारें खेलती रहती है- पर प्रधानमंत्री श्री नरेंद्र मोदीजी को  इस खेल के उस्ताद मानना होगा.

बड़े आश्चर्य की बात है, के दलित नेता, बुद्धिजीवी और पत्रकारों को  मोदीजी ने भारतीय योजना आयोग बर्ख़ास्त करके दलित तथा आदिवासियों के लिए मौजूद कल्याणकारी योजनाओंपर जो कैंची चलायी है, वह अभी तक दिखायी नहीं पड़ी है.

शेड्यूल्ड कास्ट और  शेड्यूल्ड ट्राइब्स उपघटक योजना के माध्यम से आजतक  योजना बजेट से 22.5% रकम  इन दुर्बल घटकों के विकास के लिए मिला करती थी. मोदी सररकारने अपने पहले ही वर्ष इस योजना में 20,000 की कैंची लगायी और पिछले वर्ष यह कमी 40000 कोरोड की थी. बताया जा रहा है, के इस वर्ष इस प्रावधान में  35% वृद्धि की गयी है. मतलब 38,833 करोड़ से बढ़कर इस वर्ष  यह प्रावधान  52,393 करोड़ बताया गया  है.  वास्तव में यह सीधी सीधी धोख़ाधड़ी है.

इस वर्ष अल्पसंख्यकों के लिए किया गया प्रावधान भी इसी 52,393 करोड़ में शामिल है, जो पिछले वर्ष तक अलग से किया जाता था.  यह प्रावधान 4195 करोड़ रूपये का है.  मतलब अगर यह रकम अलग करें और पिछले दो वर्षों में घटाया गया प्रावधान देखें , तो इस धोखाधड़ी का पता चलता है.

प्रावधान का यह तरिका 1975 से चला आ रहा था.
मनमोहन सिंग सरकारका आखिरी बजट 17 लाख करोड़  रूपये का था और उसमे योजना का बजट  बजेट  तकरीबन 7 लाख करोड़. इसमें से 22.5% हिस्सा याने डेढ़ लाख करोड़ रूपये SC और ST इन घटकों के विकासपर खर्च हुवे थे. पिछले तीन वर्षों में कुल बजट  21 लाख करोड़ रूपये तक पहुँच गया-  इसका मतलब है योजना बजट अगर होता तो वह 9 लाख करोड़ का  होता , और SC/ ST  घटकों पर 2 लक्ष करोड का प्रावधान होता, आज यह रकम सिर्फ 48,198 करोड है.

इस रकम की भरपाई राज्य सरकारों से करने का छलावा दिया जा रहा है, पर जहाँ केंद्र सरकारसे आया पैसा भी  राज्य सरकारें नही खर्चती, वहाँ अपने  हिस्से से  वह रक्कम खर्च करेंगे यह दूर की बात हो गयी.

हिंदी अनुवाद:- किरण पाटील

दलित आदीवासींच्या हक्काच्या रकमेत अभूतपुर्व कपात

वेगवेगळ्या खात्यांच्या रकमा एकत्र करायच्या आणि आकडे फुगवायचे व ती वाढ असल्याचे भासवायचे असा खेळ राज्यकर्ते नेहमीच खेळत असतात.
पंप्र. नमो हे यातले वस्ताद मानता येतील. त्यांनी भारतीय नियोजन आयोग मोडीत काढून दलित आदीवासींच्या कल्याणावरच्या रकमेत केलेली प्रचंड कपात अद्यापही दलित पत्रकार, विचारवंत, बुद्धीजिवींच्या नजरेला आणून देणे गरजेचे बनले आहे.

शेड्यूल्ड कास्ट आणि शेड्यूल्ड ट्राइब्स उपघटक योजनेतून आजवर प्लान बजेटच्या 22.5% रक्कम या समाजातील व्यक्तींच्या विकासासाठी मिळत असे. नमो सरकारने पहिल्या वर्षी या योजनेत रू.20 हजार कोटींची कपात केली. मागील वर्षी ही कपात रू. 40 हजार कोटींची होती. यावर्षी मात्र या रकमेत 35% वाढ केल्याचे सांगितले जात आहे. म्हणजे गेल्या वर्षी ही रक्कम रू.38,833 कोटी होती त्यात वाढ करून ती यावर्षी रू. 52,393 कोटी केल्याचे सांगितले जातेय.

खरे म्हणजे ही शुद्ध फसवणूक आहे.

यातली गोम अशीय की याच रकमेत यावर्षी अल्पसंख्याकांसाठीच्या रकमेचाही समावेश आहे. जी गेल्या वर्षी स्वतंत्रपणे दिली होती. ती आहे रू. 4 हजार 195 कोटी रूपये. म्हणजे ही रक्कम वेगळी केली आणि गेल्या दोन वर्षात केलेली कपात मोजली तर ही वाढ नसून घटच असल्याचे आढळुन येईल.
1975 पासून आपण ही पद्धत स्विकारली.

मनमोहन सिंग सरकारचे शेवटचे बजेट सुमारे 17 लक्ष कोटी रूपयांचे होते आणि त्यातले प्लान बजेट सुमारे रू. 7 लक्ष कोटींचे होते.त्यातला 22.5% वाटा म्हणजे सुमारे दीड लक्ष कोटी रूपये या घटकांच्या विकासावर खर्च होत होते. गेल्या तीन वर्षात आपले बजेट 21 लक्ष कोटी रूपयांवर गेले. याचा अर्थ त्याप्रमाणात प्लान बजेटही  9 लक्ष कोटी रूपयांवर गेले असते म्हणजे दलित आदीवासी उपघटक योजनेत ही रक्कम रू.2 लक्ष कोटींवर गेली असती त्याऎवजी ती रक्कम झालीय रूपये 48 हजार 198 कोटी. म्हणजे ही कपात किती मोठी आहे हे लक्शात घ्या.

त्याची भरपाई राज्यांच्या वाट्याच्या रकमेतून करणार असल्याचीही बतावणी केली जातेय. केंद्र सरकारकडून आलेला पैसाही जिथे राज्य या दुबळ्या वर्गाला देत नाहीत तिथे आपल्या हिश्यातून ते रक्कम खर्च करतील ही फार दुरची बात झाली.
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forbes - India’s 25 Richest People

With the entry price to the top 100 at a record $1.25 billion, there are only 6 newcomers this year. The youngest are serial entrepreneurs Bhavin (36) and Divyank (34) Turakhia, who sold their ad tech firm Media.net for $900 million in August. Another new face is Acharya Balkrishna, who cofounded consumer-goods maker Patanjali Ayurved with his friend, yoga guru Baba Ramdev. Two-wheeler tycoon Pawan Munjal takes the spot of his father, Brijmohan Lall Munjal, who died last November.

Eight returned to the ranks after their companies outperformed the stock market’s 12% rise in the past year, including biotech pioneer Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, India’s richest self-made woman. Efforts to revive Suzlon by founder and former billionaire Tulsi Tanti have yet to restore his place in the roster. The 13 who dropped off include not only textile figure Balkrishan Goenka but also pals Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, cofounders of Flipkart, amid uncertainty about the e-commerce giant’s valuation.

This list was compiled using shareholding and financial information obtained from the families and individuals, stock exchanges, analysts and India’s regulatory agencies. The ranking lists family fortunes, including those shared among extended families such as the Godrej and Bajaj families. Public fortunes were calculated based on stock prices and exchange rates as of September 9. Private companies were valued based on similar companies that are publicly traded.

Check out our list for India’s 25 richest people:
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#25 M.A. Yusuff Ali
Net Worth: $4 Billion
Age: 60
Middle East retail king M.A. Yusuff Ali presides over $6.3 billion (revenue) LuLu Group, with 129 stores in the Gulf region, India, Egypt, Indonesia and Malaysia. New projects include a $300 million investment in Trivandrum in South India that will include a mall, hotel and convention center. The group’s hospitality arm owns Dubai’s first Steigenberger hotel, a German luxury hotel brand and a 50% stake in the Sheraton hotel in Muscat, which will reopen later this year after renovations.
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#24 Micky Jagtiani
Net Worth: $4.4 Billion
Age: 64
Middle East retailing giant Landmark Group, which Micky Jagtiani founded and chairs, suspended sales of all Trump-branded products last December after the U.S. presidential candidate made anti-Muslim remarks. With estimated revenue of $6 billion, Landmark, which his wife Renuka helps him run, has more than 2,400 stores spread across the Middle East, Africa and India. It recently inked an agreement to open new stores with Abu Dhabi’s upcoming Reem Mall and also with Oman’s Muscat Grand Mall.
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#23 Pankaj Patel
Net Worth: $4.5 Billion
Age: 63
Pharmacy grad Pankaj Patel’s generics outfit Cadila Healthcare was taken to court by Swiss giant Roche for selling a clone of its popular breast cancer drug Herceptin in India. Cadila said it had secured regulatory approval. Its shares, which suffered a hit earlier when it received a warning from the U.S. FDA for violating manufacturing standards at one its factories, recovered after a positive report by the health regulator. In June Cadila acquired 2 drugs in the pipeline from Teva Pharmaceutical’s U.S. portfolio.
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#22 Kushal Pal Singh
Net Worth: $4.8 Billion
Age: 85
Despite a sluggish property market, property baron Kushal Pal Singh’s DLF saw its shares rise on news that he plans to sell his 40% stake in valuable rental arm DLF Cyber City Developers to institutional investors and use the proceeds to pare down DLF’s $3.3 billion debt. Blackstone Group, Abu Dhabi Investment Authority and GIC of Singapore are believed to be among the bidders. In April, DLF opened its 2-million square-foot Mall of India near Delhi.
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#21 Vikram Lal
Net Worth: $5 Billion
Age: 73
Record sales of the iconic Royal Enfield motorbike kept shares of Vikram Lal’s Eicher Motors aloft. The company sold more than 500,000 bikes in the year ended March 2016, a 50% jump over the previous year. It also launched its much-anticipated Himalayan adventure bike in March. Son Siddhartha, who runs Eicher, relocated to London last year to oversee the company’s global expansion; the first U.S. store recently opened in Milwaukee, the home of rival Harley-Davidson. In May, the family sold 4.2% of its stake in Eicher, but it still retains close to 51%.
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#20 Desh Bandhu Gupta
Net Worth: $5.1 Billion
Age: 78
Desh Bandhu Gupta, founder of generics champ Lupin, run by daughter Vinita and son Nilesh, is poorer by $800 million as the company’s shares fell partly on an adverse report on one of its factories by the U.S. FDA. Bullish on Japan, Lupin agreed in August to buy 21 generic drugs from Osaka-based Shionogi for $150 million. Vinita and Nilesh jointly won the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award 2015.
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#19 Savitri Jindal & family
Net Worth: $5.3 Billion
Age: 66
After declining last year, fortune of steel and power clan, whose matriarch Savitri Jindal chairs the O.P Jindal Group, rose as steel prices recovered. Mumbai-based son Sajjan saw shares of his JSW Steel almost double in the past year. In May, he agreed to acquire a 1,000-megawatt thermal power unit for $750 million from his struggling younger sibling Naveen’s Jindal Power & Steel, which is weighed down by $3.6 billion in debt.
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#18 Subhash Chandra & family
Net Worth: $5.6 Billion
Age: 65
Media magnate Subhash Chandra’s Zee Entertainment Enterprises, flagship of his Essel Group and run by sons Punit and Amit, sold its Ten Sports Network to Sony Pictures for $385 million in August. The television broadcaster’s array of 75 channels reaches more than one billion viewers in 171 countries. Zee’s presence in Southeast Asia covers Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines. Essel’s infrastructure unit has a joint venture with China’s Golden Concord Holdings for a $2 billion solar-equipment project in Andhra Pradesh state in South India. He was recently elected a member of parliament. Chandra’s autobiography, The Z Factor: My Journey as the Wrong Man at the Right Time, was published this year.
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#17 Bajaj Family
Net Worth: $5.7 Billion
Age: –
The Bajaj family that controls the 90-year-old Bajaj Group saw its wealth increase by $1.3 billion, partly from the 70% rise in shares of financial services arm Bajaj Finserv. The group’s financial-services business is overseen by Sanjiv Bajaj, younger son of 77-year-old chairman Rahul Bajaj, who shares fortune with cousins Shekhar, Madhur and Niraj. Motorcycle maker Bajaj Auto, run by patriarch’s older son Rajiv, introduced the V15, a 150cc motorcycle partly made with metal from INS Vikrant, India’s first aircraft carrier. The company has begun exporting Qute, a new 4-wheel quadricycle, but is awaiting court approval to introduce it in India.
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#16 Shashi & Ravi Ruia
Net Worth: $5.8 Billion
Age: –
Brothers Shashi & Ravi Ruia have been busy restructuring their debt-laden Essar Group, a $27 billion (revenue) steel-to-shipping conglomerate. They took Mumbai-listed Essar Oil private in preparation for a 49%-stake sale in the company to Russian oil-producer Rosneft. The $2.8 billion deal (excluding debt) has yet to be concluded. In February, they sold an office complex in Mumbai’s financial district for $350 million to a Bangalore developer. The Ruias are said to be looking for a buyer for their outsourcing unit Aegis.
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#15 Anand Burman & family
Net Worth: $5.85 Billion
Age: 64
Five branches of the Burman clan, which Anand Burman heads, share the wealth, the bulk of which is derived from a 68% stake in the $1.3 billion (revenue) consumer-goods firm Dabur. The company reported a rise in revenue, mainly from growing demand for its hair oils, toothpaste, packaged juices and home-care products. Dabur is developing 2 Ayurvedic drugs, for malaria and diabetes, in partnership with the Indian government.
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#14 Benu Gopal Bangur
Net Worth: $5.9 Billion
Age: 84
Patriarch Benu Gopal Bangur enters top 20 for the first time on soaring shares of his Shree Cement, which boosted his wealth by $2 billion. The cement maker benefited from a surge in sales and lower energy costs due to a fall in coal prices. Son Hari Mohan and grandson Prashant, who run the company, have earmarked $330 million for capacity expansion in Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka.
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#13 Gautam Adani & family
Net Worth: $6.3 Billion
Age: 54
Ports tycoon Gautam Ambani was impacted by a fall in shares of his Adani Ports & SEZ, which his son Karan runs as chief executive. Adani’s controversial coal-mining project in Queensland got a reprieve when a federal court in August dismissed a legal challenge by an environmental group to the approval granted by the government. At home Adani is expanding into solar power with projects in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Rajasthan. The group also plans to make solar panels, but hasn’t yet selected a technology partner.
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#12 Sunil Mittal & family
Net Worth: $6.6 Billion
Age: 58
Shares of telecom tycoon Sunil Mittal’s Bharti Airtel tumbled in September when Mukesh Ambani unleashed a price war with his low cost 4G phone service Reliance Jio. To fight off the mighty rival, Mittal bought 4G spectrum from struggling rivals for $1.2 billion and is gearing up to buy more spectrum at a government auction. SingTel recently increased its holding in Airtel to close to 36%, paying $660 million for Temasek’s stake. Weighed down by $12.3 billion in debt, Airtel sold telecom operations in Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone to France’s Orange for an estimated $900 million. Mittal’s wealth is up on new information about his private assets, including son Kavin’s SoftBank-backed messaging service Hike, which achieved unicorn status when its last funding round valued it at $1.4 billion. Mittal was elected chairman of the International Chamber of Commerce in June.
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#11 Uday Kotak
Net Worth: $8.3 Billion
Age: 56
After acquiring rival ING Vysya Bank 22 months ago, Kotak Mahindra Bank, controlled by Uday Kotak, is reaping the benefits of that merger. Net profit in a recent quarter doubled to $159 million. Canada Pension Plan Investment Board recently received Reserve Bank approval to increase its stake in the bank from to 10% from 5%. The Canadian pension fund manager has partnered with the bank for a $525 million fund to acquire stressed assets of Indian banks. Commenting on rising bad loans at state-owned banks, Kotak recently said: “Return of capital is more important than return on capital.”
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#10 Cyrus Poonawalla
Net Worth: $8.6 Billion
Age: 74
Vaccine billionaire Cyrus Ponawalla, who set up Serum Institute of India 50 years ago, gained on rising revenue and profit at the privately owned firm, which son, Adar, helps him run. Serum reported a record profit of $360 million on revenue of $695 million for the year ended March 2016. Poonawalla is investing $150 million in a factory to make a range of new vaccines, including for dengue, pneumonia and diarrhea. Adar featured among FORBES ASIA’s Heroes of Philanthropy this year for donating $15 million to cleaning up Pune city, where the family resides.
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#9 Kumar Birla
Net Worth: $8.8 Billion
Age: 48
Commodities king Kumar Birla, who chairs the $41 billion (revenue) Aditya Birla Group, is restructuring his empire. In August he announced the merger of Aditya Birla Nuvo with cash-rich Grasim Industries, to be followed by the demerger of the financial-services business into a separate company. Shares of both companies fell on investor concerns that the merger lacked synergies. Birla defended the move, saying it would create a company that combines growth with stability. In April Birla’s UltraTech Cement concluded the $2.4 billion acquisition of rival Jaypee Group’s cement units. Daughter Ananya has founded a micro finance firm and an online venture to sell handmade products.
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#8 Shiv Nadar
Net Worth: $11.4 Billion
Age: 70
IT pioneer Shiv Nadar’s homegrown software outfit HCL Technologies is reportedly mulling a U.S. listing. In February it acquired Volvo’s IT outsourcing arm for $130 million and simultaneously signed a deal with the Swedish automaker to provide software services. In April HCL agreed to acquire Mumbai software firm Geometric, controlled by the Godrej family, in a share swap valued at $190 million. His eponymous Nadar University is partnering with Dell for technology projects in areas such as cloud computing and big data.
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#7 Godrej family
Net Worth: $12.4 Billion
Age: –
Clan behind the $4.6 billion (revenue) Godrej Group, a 119-year-old consumer-goods giant, which is aiming for a tenfold increase in revenue every 10 years, has been on an acquisition spree. Godrej Consumer Products, overseen by patriarch Adi Godrej, boosted its presence in Africa with the acquisition of 3 personal-care companies in Zambia, Senegal and Kenya. Dairy and agribusiness firm Godrej Agrovet took majority stakes in agrochemicals firm Astec LifeSciences and Creamline Dairy. Private unit Godrej & Boyce acquired online home-decor firm India Circus in January.
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#6 Lakshmi Mittal
Net Worth: $12.5 Billion
Age: 66
After declining for 2 years, steel baron Lakshmi Mittal climbs 2 spots in the rankings as his ArcelorMittal reported net profit of $1.1 billion in a recent quarter, its best in 5 years. The world’s biggest steelmaker, which has been buffeted by a global supply glut caused by exports from China, got a reprieve from an uptick in demand and import tariffs on steel imposed by the U.S. and Europe. In 2015 Arcelor saw revenue fall 20% to $64 billion and its net loss rise sevenfold to $7.9 billion. Arcelor, together with Italian steelmaker Marcegaglia, has bid for Italy’s lossmaking Ilva steel plant.
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#5 Pallonji Mistry
Net Worth: $13.9 Billion
Age: 87
Reclusive tycoon Pallonji Mistry’s engineering and construction giant, 151-year-old Shapoorji Pallonji Group, is run by older son Shapoor. Younger son Cyrus chairs the $108 billion (revenue) Tata Group, a conglomerate of more than 100 companies, including valuable outsourcer Tata Consultancy Services. Mistry’s 18.4% stake in holding outfit Tata Sons is his biggest asset. Shapoor is reportedly negotiating to acquire a 51% stake in Karaikal Port in South India. This year Mistry received the Padma Bhushan, one of India’s highest civilian awards.
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#4 Azim Premji
Net Worth: $15 Billion
Age: 70
Tech magnate Azim Premji’s $7.7 billion (revenue) Wipro, India’s third-largest outsourcer, reported a 6% fall in net earnings to $304 million in a recent quarter amid sluggish sales. To boost growth, Wipro has been on a buying spree in the past year. Its most recent acquisition was HealthPlan Services, an insurance-technology firm based in Florida, for $460 million. But it called off the $130 million purchase of New Jersey-based Viteos Group, citing delays in completion of the deal. In August Premji completed 5 decades as Wipro’s boss.
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#3 Hinduja family
Net Worth: $15.2 Billion
Age: –
Four close-knit siblings, Srichand, Gopichand, Prakash and Ashok, control the Hinduja Group, a far-flung multinational empire with businesses ranging from trucks and lubricants to banking and cable television. The group commissioned its much-delayed 1,040 megawatt thermal power unit in south India in July and is reportedly in the fray to acquire SunEdison’s Indian solar power assets. The brothers are expected to open London’s first Raffles Hotel in the historic Old War Office building in Whitehall they bought 2 years ago with a Spanish group.
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#2 Dilip Shanghvi
Net Worth: $16.9 Billion
Age: 60
India’s richest pharma magnate Dilip Shanghvi’s wealth is down by $1.1 billion along with a drop in shares of his Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, the world’s fifth-largest generics maker. The company’s profitability improved in a recent quarter partly due to U.S. sales of the generic version of Glivec, a leukemia drug made by Novartis. Earlier this year Sun acquired 14 drugs from Novartis in Japan for $293 million that will be distributed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma.
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#1 Mukesh Ambani
Net Worth: $22.7 Billion
Age: 59
Oil and gas tycoon Mukesh Ambani sparked a price war in India’s hyper competitive telecom market with the launch of 4G phone service Jio at the annual shareholders meeting of his Reliance Industries in September. The $44.7 billion (revenue) Reliance Industries is locked in a legal battle with the government related to the recovery of costs associated with developing a gas field. Wife Nita, who sits on Reliance’s board, is a member of the International Olympic Committee. (Reliance owns Network18, a licensee of Forbes Media.)
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http://www3.forbes.com/business/indias-25-richest-people/?utm_campaign=Indias-25-Richest-People-ind-eng&utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=referral India’s 25 Richest People

Top 1% of India's richest now own over 50% of country's wealth:

http://www.ibtimes.co.in/top-1-indias-richest-now-own-over-50-countrys-wealth-credit-suisse-650480
News Economy
Top 1% of India's richest now own over 50% of country's wealth: Credit Suisse
By Besta Shankar | Updated: October 14, 2015 14:03 IST
India's Richest persons
India's richest people in the past 15 years are getting luckier as the top 1% of them now own 53% of the country's wealth, up from 36.8% in 2000, according to a report from a global brokerage firm.

While the top 5% of the richest account for 68.6% of the country's wealth, the top 10% own 76.3%, said Credit Suisse in a global wealth report.

Reflecting a dismal picture of the wealth owned by the poor, the report said that they just possess 4.1% of the nation's wealth.

The top 1% of the richest people in the country saw their share of wealth surpassing the 50% mark in the past three governments, i.e., during the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government from 2000-04 and two-terms of United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government between 2004 and 2014.

They also witnessed an increase in their wealth during the first year of the Modi government.

"The colour of the government has been no impediment to the steady rise in the riches of the wealthy," Livemint reported.

Further, the gap between the share of wealth held by the top 1% and the top 10% has come down to 23.3% in 2015 from 29.1% in 2000, indicating that the richest 1% have been gaining the wealth owned the top 10%.

"The richest are growing at the expense of the relatively well-off," the report said.

On the other hand, the share of "the poorer half of the population" declined to 4.1% from 5.3% during 2000 and 2015.

Overall, the country's wealth rose by $2.284 trillion during the same period, according to Credit Suisse.

Article Published: October 14, 2015 14:03 IST